¿Quién soy yo? Una nueva aproximación al concepto de lo humano en la sociedad 5.0

Abstract

This article explores the shift from the “carbon king” to the “silicon king” as a lens for rethinking what it means to be human in the age of artificial intelligence. We start from the erosion of anthropocentrism and show how advances in machine learning and robotics challenge longstanding criteria of intelligence, reason, and creativity. Against “Promethean fear,” we propose a prudent, cooperative approach: AI is not a human mind, yet its functional performance compels a revision of philosophical and legal frameworks. We pose three guiding questions: which capacities AI already replicates; how to sustain an epistemically humble stance amid its rapid improvement; and what forms of coexistence can underwrite a new social compact between humans and automata. On the near horizon of Society 5.0, we analyze the role of social robots in healthcare and education, the need for public trust (design, safety, explainability), and machine ethics, including the balancing of norms in exceptional cases. We also address the bioconservatism–posthumanism debate in relation to neurotechnologies and human enhancement, and we defend an instrumental framework of rights and duties for intelligent automata that preserves human dignity. We conclude that a diffuse human–machine “parenthood” is emerging—one that requires us to redefine identity, responsibility, and collective ends in a shared civilization.